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Duchy of Teschen
The Duchy of Teschen ((ドイツ語:Herzogtum Teschen)), also Duchy of Cieszyn ((ポーランド語:Księstwo Cieszyńskie)) or Duchy of Těšín ((チェコ語:Těšínské knížectví), (ラテン語:Ducatus Tessinensis)) was an autonomous Silesian duchy centered on Cieszyn (''Teschen'') in Upper Silesia. During the feudal division of Poland it was split off with the Duchy of Racibórz in 1281 and ruled by Silesian dukes from the Piast dynasty since 1290.〔Panic 2002, 6.〕
The ducal lands initially comprised former Lesser Polish territories east of the Biała River, which about 1315 split off again as the Duchy of Oświęcim, while the remaining duchy became a Bohemian fief in 1327. After the bulk of Silesia was conquered by the Prussian king Frederick the Great in 1742, Cieszyn/Těšín together with the duchies of Troppau (Opava), Krnov and Nysa remained with Austrian Silesia. The ducal title was held by the Austrian archdukes from the House of Lorraine until 1918.
==History==
The duchy shared the history of the Cieszyn Silesia region, and also in part Silesia in general. The area had been the southeastern-most part of the medieval Duchy of Silesia established upon the death of the Polish duke Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1138. In 1172 the sons of the first Silesian Piast duke Władysław II the Exile divided their heritage, whereby the lands of Cieszyn fell to Duke Mieszko I of Racibórz.
Mieszko himself in 1202 occupied the neighbouring Duchy of Opole, forming the united Upper Silesian Duchy of Opole and Racibórz. After the death of Mieszko's grandson Duke Władysław of Opole in 1281, Upper Silesia was again divided among his sons, and the eldest Mieszko became the first Duke of Cieszyn in 1290.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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